目的 研究在广西地区服役的GJ-50镀锌钢架空地线服役时受电化学腐蚀与环境介质协同作用产生腐蚀的机理。方法 本研究采用5% NaCl、35 ℃的中性盐雾试验（NSS）模拟当地高温高湿高盐环境,对GJ-50架空地线开展20~960 h的加速腐蚀试验。通过质量损失测试、表面形貌观察及反射光谱分析（350~2 500 nm）,系统研究并分析其腐蚀演化规律。结果 腐蚀质量损失试验中,盐雾试验20 h时,平均质量损失为62.208 g/m2,90 h增至173.389 g/m2,360 h达442.085 g/m2,960 h升至534.324 g/m2,腐蚀速率随盐雾时间增长而减小依次为3.111、1.926、1.228、0.556 6 g/(m2·h)。宏观形貌显示,腐蚀过程依次经历镀锌层局部腐蚀、镀锌层大面积腐蚀破坏、钢基体暴露及钢基体腐蚀4个阶段,微观分析证实盐雾960 h锌层已完全腐蚀,锌的保护作用已经完全失效,钢基体腐蚀较为严重。由SEM能谱数据得知,盐雾试验20、90 h时,样品中镀锌层依然存在,盐雾试验360、960 h时,样品中锌层消失,并出现铁的锈蚀氧化物。结论 随盐雾时间延长,腐蚀质量损失呈单调递增趋势,初期腐蚀速率显著高于后期,归因于腐蚀产物沉积形成的阻隔效应。通过宏观形貌检测揭示了镀锌钢架空地线的腐蚀规律,并使用扫描电镜对其微观形貌进行分析以及光谱分析对上述腐蚀规律进行了验证。本研究揭示了镀锌钢绞线的腐蚀动力学特征与光谱响应机制,为广西地区输电线路腐蚀防护及服役安全评估提供了理论依据。
Abstract
The work aims to study the corrosion mechanism of the GJ-50 galvanized steel overhead ground wire in Guangxi when it is in service due to the synergistic effect of electrochemical corrosion and environmental medium. In this study, a neutral salt spray test (NSS) of 5wt.% NaCl and 25 ℃ was conducted to simulate the local high temperature, high humidity and high salt environment, and an accelerated corrosion test of the GJ-50 overhead ground wire was carried out for 20-960 h. Through weight loss test, surface morphology observation and reflectance spectrum analysis (350 nm-2 500 nm), the corrosion evolution law was systematically studied and analyzed. The results showed that the average weight loss in the corrosion weight loss test was 62.208 g/m2 at 20 h, increased to 173.389 g/m2 at 90 h, reached 442.085 g/m2 at 360 h, increased to 534.324 g/m2 at 960 h, and the weight loss rate with increasing salt spray time were 3.111, 1.926, 1.228 and 0.556 6 g/m2·h respectively. The macroscopic morphology showed that the corrosion process went through four stages: local corrosion of the galvanized layer, large-scale destruction of the galvanized layer, exposure of the steel matrix and corrosion of the steel matrix. The microscopic analysis confirmed that the protective effect of the zinc layer of salt spray at 960 h had completely failed, and the corrosion of the steel matrix was serious. From the EDS data, it was known that the zinc layer still existed in the sample when the salt spray time was 20 h and 90 h, while the zinc layer disappeared in the sample with the salt spray time of 360 h and 960 h, and iron oxide appeared. The following conclusions are drawn from this experiment. The corrosion weight loss increases monotonically with the extension of salt spray time, and the initial corrosion rate is significantly higher than that in the later stage, which is attributed to the barrier effect formed by the deposition of corrosion products. The corrosion law of the overhead ground wire was revealed by macroscopic morphology detection, and the microscopic morphology and spectral analysis were used to verify the corrosion law. This study reveals the corrosion dynamics and spectral response mechanism of galvanized steel strands, and provides a theoretical basis for the corrosion protection and service safety assessment of transmission lines in Guangxi.
关键词
镀锌钢 /
盐雾试验 /
腐蚀机理 /
保护失效 /
红外光谱检测 /
腐蚀产物对应
Key words
galvanized steel /
salt spray test /
corrosion mechanism /
protection failure /
infrared spectroscopy detection /
corrosion product correspondence
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基金
广西电网科技项目（GXKJXM20240135）
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